The
sinking feeling you feel in the pit of your stomach as you read the IRS audit
letter … the pounding in your head that starts with opening the plumbing bill
… or the feeling of self-satisfaction that comes with receiving a big bonus and
raise.
Most
of us have experienced the connection between health and wealth, especially
when our fortunes ebb and flow. It’s only recently, however, that scientists
have confirmed this phenomenon and applied it to business.
Financial
advisers can help employers capitalize on this growing body of knowledge to
reduce costs and enhance productivity by helping their employees make the most of
their defined contribution retirement plan. It starts with the recognition that
stress—especially angst caused by financial issues—is a great robber of wealth.
Researchers
John W. Ayers of San Diego State University and Benjamin Althouse of Sante Fe
Institute, who studied Google search patterns during the Great Recession of
2008-11, revealed a huge uptick in Americans researching maladies such as
stomach ulcers, headaches, and chest and back pain.
Those
financial stresses came with real costs, especially at the workplace. Dr. E.
Thomas Garman, director of the National Institute for Personal Finance Employee
Education, calculated in 2006 that financially stressed employees cost an additional
$2,000 a year more than other employees in higher absences, medical bills and
lost productivity. After all, it’s hard to concentrate at work if your car is being
impounded, right?
Conversely,
those who tend to their financial well-being and take prudent steps such as
contributing to their 401(k) retirement plan are much more likely to enjoy both
financial and physical health, according to a 2013 study by researchers at the
Olin Business School. Those who contributed to their 401(k) showed 27% improvements
in abnormal health test results and poor health behaviors compared to
non-contributors.
Employers
are taking stock of the cause and effect of financial issues, especially as the
Federal Reserve recently reported that 31% of non-retired Americans have no
retirement savings or pension. The Fed didn’t say how many had stomachaches.
The
Fed also determined that one in four pre-retirees—those ages 55-64—expect to work
as long as possible, a long-term and largely hidden cost that employers are
only now beginning to understand. Compared to their younger co-workers, older
employees typically have higher health care costs, are more likely to become
disabled, and often cash bigger paychecks.
That’s
why more employers are looking for advisers and plan providers to help employees
retire when they qualify for full Social Security benefits, typically age 66 or
67. A good benchmark for retirement readiness is when an employee can replace
75% of his or her pre-retirement income from Social Security, savings and a
pension, if available.
Advisers
can help accomplish that mission by working with providers to overcome obstacles
posed by both non-savers and low savers alike. Different and complementary
initiatives can be employed to overcome barriers due to factors such as inertia,
loss aversion and even myopia. Each employer and employee population is unique,
so advisers need to take the time to understand the issues preventing
retirement preparedness and act accordingly.
For
instance, if an employer has low 401(k) participation, one reason might be that
workers are delaying signups and need prodding. Depending upon the situation,
advisers can work with a plan sponsor to employ a range of strategies such as
automatically enrolling new or even existing employees in the plan, or
launching a campaign to encourage participation.
If
the problem is low deferral rates, the employer might automatically increase
deferrals by 1% a year until reaching a ceiling, perhaps 10%. Low account
balances could also be related to conservative investment choices, which can be
overcome by educating participants on investment options such as target date
funds, simplifying investment choices, or offering asset allocation modeling.
Whatever
the problem, an individual solution needs to be prescribed to help employees
fatten their retirement plan balances and improve the overall health of the
retirement plan.
Economists
have long known of the “wealth effect,” whereby consumers are more likely to
spend and consume more goods and services as their wealth rises or at least
their perception of their wealth improves. By encouraging employees to save for
retirement, employers are promoting what we might call the “health effect”: improved
physical and fiscal bottom lines.
E. Thomas Foster Jr. is assistant vice
president, strategy and relationships, for MassMutual Retirement Services, a
division of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Co., Inc.