FINRA Head to Leave After More Than 2 Years in Role

Jessica Hopper, head of the influential securities regulator for the brokerage industry, is stepping down in February, with Christopher Kelly stepping in on temporary basis.


The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, an influential industry regulator for brokerage firms across the U.S., announced that Head of Enforcement Jessica Hopper is stepping down on February 2 after more than two years in the role.

Christopher Kelly, senior vice president and deputy head of enforcement, will take over as acting head of enforcement until FINRA selects a new leader, the securities regulator, which is overseen by the Securities and Exchange Commission, announced Tuesday. 

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Hopper took the role of acting head of enforcement in September 2019 and was appointed permanently, along with the role of executive vice president, in January 2020. She was met shortly after with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent hit to the markets, as well as a change to working environments for brokerage firms.

During her tenure, Hopper brought FINRA’s largest enforcement action when she fined online trading brokerage Robinhood Financial LLC $57 million and ordered it to pay $12.6 million to thousands of customers for receiving false or misleading information from the firm.

FINRA noted other actions under Hopper’s leadership that included:

  • FINRA brought the first disciplinary actions against crowdfunding portals for failing to comply with securities laws and rules designed to protect crowdfunding investors;
  • Following a targeted examination, FINRA reached a settlement requiring six firms to pay nearly $17 million to customers who were charged excessive fees for unit investment trust rollovers; and
  • In 2020 and 2021 alone, FINRA ordered $72.2 million in customer restitution, expelled three firms, suspended five others, barred 515 individuals and suspended 761 others.

Hopper began at FINRA in 2004 as an enforcement officer and was a director in the Washington, D.C. office from 2005 until 2011, when she was promoted to vice president in charge of the regional enforcement program. In 2016, she was named senior vice president and deputy head of enforcement. 

“It has been the greatest privilege to lead this talented team of enforcement professionals, and to work with so many outstanding and dedicated colleagues throughout FINRA over the years,” Hopper said in a statement. “Together, we have continually advanced FINRA’s regulatory effectiveness and made a real difference in the financial lives of investors and the safety and soundness of the securities markets.” 

Her temporary replacement, Kelly, joined FINRA in 2014 as chief counsel in the authority’s North region until 2018. Prior to joining FINRA, he was deputy chief of the criminal division at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey.

Allianz Asset Management 401(k) Participants Allege Self-Dealing

Two participants in the Allianz 401(k) plan allege the asset manager maintained an all-proprietary fund lineup that included expensive, underperforming investments for the benefit of the defendants.


Two Allianz Asset Management of America 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan participants have claimed in federal court that plan fiduciaries engaged in self-dealing, according to the complaintChad Rocke and Christopher Collins v. Allianz Asset Management of America et al.

The plaintiffs’ attorneys allege two counts of fiduciary breach—of loyalty and prudence—against the company, the plan committees and numerous individuals, and—failure to monitor fiduciaries.

“Although using proprietary options is not a per se breach of the duty of prudence or loyalty, a fiduciary’s process for selecting and monitoring proprietary investments is subject to the same duties of loyalty and prudence that apply to the selection and monitoring of other investments,” the complaint states. “Based on the defendants’ decision to maintain an all-proprietary lineup in lieu of any less expensive and otherwise superior nonproprietary alternatives, it is reasonable to infer that the defendants’ process for selecting and monitoring the Allianz Funds was imprudent and disloyal.”

Workers contributing to the savings and retirement plan during this time were only offered investments managed by either Allianz Global Investors or Pacific Investment Management Company LLC—except the self-directed brokerage account—both of which are subsidiaries of Allianz, according to the complaint. For example, at year-end 2021, the plan’s menu consisted of three proprietary collective investment trusts and 36 proprietary mutual fund investments, the plaintiffs allege.

The retirement plan fiduciaries are alleged to have maintained an all-proprietary fund lineup that included expensive, underperforming investments, for the benefit of the defendants and at the expense of plan participants from 2018 to the present, the complaint states.

The plaintiffs’ attorneys allege the defendants’ use of proprietary funds also caused participants to incur excessive fees, because the AllianzGI and PIMCO proprietary mutual funds are actively managed funds. As such, the active funds charged an annual operating expense, paid to AllianzGI or PIMCO and deducted from the rate of return of the fund, according to the complaint.

“In part because of the high fees associated with the AllianzGI and PIMCO proprietary investment products, these investments tended to underperform, costing the plan tens of millions of dollars in lost benefits that participants would have had in their accounts had the plan’s investments been managed in a prudent and impartial manner,” the complaint states. “A prudent fiduciary offering proprietary high-fee options like the AllianzGI and PIMCO Funds would continuously monitor whether the higher total plan cost as a result of using an exclusively all-proprietary lineup was justified by a reasonable expectation of increased returns.”

From 2018 through the end of 3021, the last year for which data is publicly available, the Allianz 401(k) plan had between 4,156 and 4,710 participants and comprised approximately $1.1 billion to $1.9 in total retirement assets, according to the complaint. The plaintiffs’ attorneys requested that a class action be certified by the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California and be applied to all participants of the Allianz Asset Management of America 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan, who were invested in the AllianzGI or PIMCO Funds at any time on or after December 27, 2017, excluding individuals with any responsibility for the plan’s administrative functions or investments.

The named defendants in the lawsuit include Allianz Asset Management of America, the administrative plan committee of the 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan, the retirement plan committee of the Allianz Asset Management of America 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan and 30 unnamed individuals.

The plaintiffs are represented by the Keller Law Group, based in Los Angeles and Nichols Kaster, based in Minneapolis.

Allianz Asset Management of America is based in Newport Beach, California, and a division of global financial services company Allianz SE, headquartered in Munich.

A spokesperson for Allianz in Munich declined comment on the litigation. 

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